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Valerie Jean Solanas (April 9, 1936 – April 25, 1988) was an American radical feminist writer who is best known for writing the ''SCUM Manifesto'' and attempting to murder artist Andy Warhol. She was born in New Jersey and as a teenager had a volatile relationship with her mother and stepfather after her parents' divorce. As a consequence, she was sent to live with her grandparents. Her alcoholic grandfather physically abused her and Solanas ran away and became homeless. She came out as a lesbian in the 1950s. She graduated with a degree in psychology from the University of Maryland, College Park. Solanas relocated to Berkeley, California. There, she began writing her most notable work, the ''SCUM Manifesto'', which urged women to "overthrow the government, eliminate the money system, institute complete automation and eliminate the male sex."〔Solanas, Valerie, ''SCUM Manifesto'' (Valerie Solanas, 1967), p. () (self-published) (copy from Northwestern Univ.).〕〔DeMonte, Alexandra (2010). "Feminism: Second-Wave". In Chapman, Roger (ed). ''Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices''. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, p. 178, ISBN 978-1-84972-713-6.〕 Solanas moved to New York City in the mid-1960s, working as a writer. She met Andy Warhol and asked Warhol to produce her play, ''Up Your Ass''. She gave him her script, which she later accused him of losing and/or stealing, followed by Warhol expressing additional indifference to her play. After Solanas demanded financial compensation for the lost script, Warhol hired her to perform in his film, ''I, A Man'', paying her $25. In 1967, Solanas began self-publishing the ''SCUM Manifesto''. Olympia Press owner Maurice Girodias offered to publish Solanas' future writings, and she understood the contract to mean that Girodias would own her writing. Convinced that Girodias and Warhol were conspiring to steal her work, Solanas purchased a gun in the spring of 1968. On June 3, 1968, she sought out Girodias, who was gone for the weekend. She then went to The Factory, where she found Warhol. She shot at Warhol three times, with the first two shots missing and the final wounding Warhol. She also shot art critic Mario Amaya, and attempted to shoot Warhol's manager, Fred Hughes, point blank, but the gun jammed. Solanas then turned herself in to the police. She was charged with attempted murder, assault, and illegal possession of a gun. She was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and pleaded guilty to "reckless assault with intent to harm", serving a three-year prison sentence, including treatment in a mental hospital. After her release, she continued to promote the ''SCUM Manifesto''. She died in 1988 of pneumonia, in San Francisco. == Early life == Solanas was born in Ventnor City, New Jersey, to Louis Solanas and Dorothy Marie Biondo〔State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.〕 in 1936.〔 〕〔Harron, Mary, & Daniel Minahan, ''I Shot Andy Warhol'', ''op. cit.'' (1995), p. xi (''Introduction'', ''op. cit.'' (1996)).〕 Her father was a bartender and her mother, a dental assistant.〔 She had a younger sister, Judith Arlene Solanas Martinez.〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'' (2011), p. 141.〕 Her father's parents were immigrants from Spain and her mother was Italian-American.〔 Solanas said that she regularly suffered sexual abuse at the hands of her father. Her parents divorced when she was young, and her mother remarried shortly afterwards. Solanas disliked her stepfather and began rebelling against her mother, becoming a truant. As a child, she wrote insults for children to use on one another, for the cost of a dime. She beat up a boy in high school who was bothering a younger girl, and also hit a nun.〔 Because of her rebellious behavior, her mother sent her to be raised by her grandparents in 1949. Solanas said that her grandfather was a violent alcoholic who often beat her. When she was 15, she left her grandparents and became homeless. In 1953, she gave birth to a son, fathered by a married sailor. The child, named David (later, David Blackwell, by adoption), was taken away from Solanas and she never saw him again.〔Jobey, Liz, ''Solanas and Son'', ''op. cit.'' (1996).〕〔Hewitt, Nancy A., ''Solanas, Valerie.'', in Ware, Susan, ed., & Stacy Lorraine Braukman, asst. ed., ''Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press (Harvard Univ. Press), 2004 (ISBN 0-674-01488-X)), p. 602 (prep. under Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard Univ.).〕 Despite this, she graduated from high school on time and earned a degree in psychology from the University of Maryland, College Park, where she was in the Psi Chi Honor Society.〔Regarding the honor society: Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'' (2011), p. 152.〕 While at the University of Maryland, she hosted a call-in radio show where she gave advice on how to combat men.〔 She was also an open lesbian, despite the conservative cultural climate of the 1950s. She attended the University of Minnesota's Graduate School of Psychology, where she worked in the psychology department's animal research laboratory, before dropping out and moving to attend Berkeley for a few courses, when she began writing the ''SCUM Manifesto''.〔Jobey, Liz, ''Solanas and Son'', ''op. cit.'' (1996), p. 10.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Valerie Solanas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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